Decorative models, pictures, raised pictures on pottery and stone, as
well as metallic wares and statues occupy an important place among
ancient models of fine arts. Some of them, especially round crockery
(Shahtakhti village, Nakhichevan AR), two-head deer figures (Dolandar
village, Khodjavand region), bronze crockery with pictures of five
fantastic animal (Gadabay), golden crescent-shape collar (Ziviyq), a
golden basin (Hasangulu hill near the Urmiya lake), ceramic crockery,
fond in the plains of Mil and Karabakh, are distinguishing for their
delicacy and artistic perfection (VIII-VII centuries B.C.). Different
glass wares, found in Mingachevir, Shamakhi, as decorative crockery,
bowls, jewelry, show existence of glass production in Azerbijan as well.
Engraving and sculpture patterns were widespread in Albanian (Caucasus)
art. Raised pictures of two peacock in the right and left of holy life
tree on stone capital in Mingachevir temple (V-VI centuries) is one of
the perfect examples of Albanian (Caucasus) sculpture. Plastic forms are
spread in artistic metal wares are frequent artistic kinds. Deer, lion,
peacock, bud were pictured on silver bowls, bronze water crockery,
found Mingachevir, Torpaggala and other places. Bronze and stone
pictures of peoples and animals, scenes, related with housing, fire and
religious ceremonies predominate in round sculpture patterns of that
period. Architecture complexes, palaces, castles, mosques and mausoleums
constructed in the ancient historical towns of Azerbaijan as Qabala,
Nakhichivan, Shamakhi, Baku, Barda, Gandja, Beylaqan, Tabriz, Maragha
and Ardabilda in connection with spreading of Islam sicce VII century.
Calligraphy - inscription, ornament, glaze and raised elements were
widely used in decorative design of these buildings. Stone engraving
examples, geometrical and plant patterns are typical for buildings,
belonging to Shirvan-Absheron architecture school, while ornament
motives occupy important place on buildings, belonging to Nakhichevan
architecture school.
Inscriptions and raised pictures on Shirvansahs' "Bayil castle" or
"Sabayil" architecture monument, built in the Baku port in XIII century,
played important role in decorative design of building. Human and
animal pictures (tiger, camel, horse, bull, bird) were made in deep
engraving style along with inscriptions on "Bay?l daslar?" (Bayil
stones). "Bayil daslar?" of frieze type represents decorative element of
previously onshore prominent architecture monument.
Azerbaijan fine art present unity with decorative applied art in the
Middle Ages. Knight shooting clawed bird with arrow was pictured along
with plant and geometrical ornaments on ceramic examples in Gandja,
Beylaqan and other towns. Azerbaijan renaissance architecture was
closely related with Nizami Gandjavi's creation. He create architect,
sculptor, mosaic decorators and painter characters (Farhad, Shapur,
Simnar) in his poems.
Source: http://www.azerbaijan.az |