The most majestic and mysterious monument of Baku is Gyz Galasy - the Maiden Tower rising in the south-eastern part of the fortress of Ichari Shahar. This unique building of the Azerbaijani architecture does not have any analogues in the East. There are numerous debates on the date of construction and purpose of this monument, at present it attracts the attention, most of all for its unparalleled form.

Baku is the capital and the largest city of Republic of Azerbaijan. The city is situated on the Western Coast of the Caspian Sea in the southern part of the Apsheron Peninsula in the latitude of 40º23' and in the longitude of 49º51'. The city boundaries of Baku include a vast territory with an area of nearly 2.2 thousand sq.km.

The central part of the city is situated in the amphitheatre with descending terraces towards the Baku Bay. The layout of Baku is rectangular, only in the oldest part of the city within the fortress walls the streets are crooked and narrow. In the centre and along the highways the construction is dense and it is free in the outskirts. The suburbs of Baku are the centres of oil extraction where the enterprises of railway transportation, of machine-building and construction materials (quarries of stone blocks, cement and lime production) are located and where one can see mineral sources.

The boundaries of the city include a health resort area of the Apsheron Peninsula with coastal beaches. The coastal area of Baku is 28 m below the world ocean level.